I’m delighted to present the latest instalment in my occasional long-form conversation series The Dialogues. My guest this time is UK-born, Norway-based composer Natasha Barrett, whose music I’ve deeply admired for at least 20 years. Barrett is both a veteran and a pioneer of electronic music, utilising a convoluted mixture of real-world and synthetic sounds to compose highly elaborate, immersive soundworlds. That word “immersive” is no hyperbole: Barrett’s work in ambisonics is at the forefront of creating an all-enclosing listening experience demonstrating intricate control of the 3-dimensional placement of sound. Partly for this reason, Barrett’s work is not often heard in the UK – at least, not often exactly as the composer intends, due to its extensive multi-channel/-speaker demands. The most authentic way to hear her music is therefore to go to Norway and experience it in situ; while the easiest way is via the increasing number of releases devoted to or featuring her work in specially-adapted stereo and binaural versions.

We met last September in Barrett’s office at the Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo, and I want to express my heartfelt appreciation and thanks to Natasha for being so generous with her time and with the large quantity of unpublished or unavailable musical materials she put my way to help with my research and preparation. Our conversation took place toward the end of the 2021 Ultima festival, and i therefore would also like to thank Thorbjørn Tønder Hansen, artistic director of Ultima, whose invitation to the festival made this conversation possible.

For more information about Barrett’s work, her website contains a wealth of information, as do the pages devoted to her on the Empreintes DIGITALes label’s website; she also has a Bandcamp site with a steadily growing quantity of material, as well as a YouTube channel featuring an assortment of works, extracts, and miscellaneous field recordings. The most recent label to start featuring Barrett’s music is the London-based Persistence of Sound, and their next release is devoted to three of her more recent compositions, Urban Melt in Park Palais Meran (2019), Speaking Spaces No. 1: Heterotopia and Growth (both 2021). Released on vinyl in July, the album is available to pre-order and buy digitally now.

As usual in these Dialogues, I’ve peppered our conversation with a liberal quantity of excerpts from Barrett’s music in order to illustrate and elaborate upon what we’re talking about, and these include two early works, Caressing Eternity and Trompe l’œil, neither of which have ever been released or indeed heard since her postgraduate days. I’m especially grateful to Natasha for tracking down the vintage DAT [cassettes] (stored at her parents’ house) and for allowing me to include excerpts from these early examples of her work. A list of all the excerpts and the times when they occur can be found [online], together with links (where applicable) to buy the music.

Troy, NY — If you’ve spent any time at children’s birthday parties, you probably know what an inflated balloon sounds like when rubbed: harsh, squeaky, not particularly resonant.

“Rubbed-balloon sound” [used in Topology Chamber 2] might not seem like a sonic texture you’d place much stock in if you were creating a musical work. But how would that change if you were listening from inside the balloon? The composer Natasha Barrett decided to answer the question. She put a 3-D microphone in a balloon, pressed the record button and got down to some serious rubbing.

On Monday morning, at a “spatial audio” lecture at EMPAC — the experimental media and performing arts center that is part of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute here — Ms Barrett’s interior-balloon 3-D recording was played in an acoustical marvel of a concert hall, outfitted with one of the world’s most advanced ambisonic systems.

As Ms Barrett’s 3-D audio file was piped into the loudspeakers — there are 64, positioned both around and over listeners — the sound of her balloon manipulations was enveloping. Smeared textures whipped around listeners’ heads along a wild variety of trajectories. Variations of pressure and phrase-length registered as legitimately musical. Discrete lines of vibration converged, with a triumphant air, before splitting apart again.

But there wasn’t much time to linger over Ms Barrett’s startling spatialized recording. Presenters and participants at EMPAC’s Spatial Audio Summer Workshop had a lot of ground to cover, and only five days to get hands-on experience with tools that are rarely available under one roof.

One goal of the workshop, the first of its kind at EMPAC, was to provide the nearly two dozen participants — including engineers, acoustic consultants and composers — with a rare chance to learn about working with what specialists call high-density loudspeaker arrays, like the one needed to play Ms Barrett’s recordings. Another goal was to present a pair of public concerts as part of EMPAC’s impressive, general slate of experimental music programming.

On Monday evening, the first concert was led, as was that morning’s lecture, by Markus Noisternig, an artist in residence at EMPAC who is a researcher from the Institut de recherche et coordination acoustique/musique (or Ircam) in Paris. His lecture and concert highlighted both the ambisonic surround-sound speaker system and one of EMPAC’s new, and most highly prized, objects: a Wave Field Synthesis system. (These two discrete systems, which can also be blended, were temporarily installed at EMPAC’s concert hall.)

The wave system, a modular array of more than 500 speakers, uses acoustical trickery to reproduce organic sounds with unusually high fidelity. It can also “place” (and seem to move, quickly) those eerily lifelike tones at specific coordinates. Any but the most superficial kind of explanation of how this is possible tends to involve high math (like Bessel functions). But if you had to describe the effect, you might go for trippy and exciting.

Toying with spatially separated sounds is not a new fascination for composers. The conductor Alan Gilbert charted a lineage of such explorations in a 2012 New York Philharmonic concert, from a portion of Mozart’s Don Giovanni to works by Karlheinz Stockhausen and Pierre Boulez. (Boulez being, not at all coincidentally, the founder of Ircam.) But as computing power has increased, digital systems have become more precise and more portable, if still expensive to design and install.

Systems like Wave Field Synthesis can also change approaches to pieces conceived using earlier technologies. A highlight on Monday night was Mr Noisternig’s presentation of Ricercare una melodia, by the composer Jonathan Harvey. This 1984 work was originally scored for a live trombone player and tape delay (with speakers bordering the audience on two sides). In what he called a new interpretation, Mr Noisternig looped the live playing of the trombonist Benny Sluchin using a 248-speaker section of EMPAC’s 500-speaker array, which was positioned behind Mr Sluchin.

Using Ircam-designed software, Mr Noisternig placed eerily live-sounding reproductions of Mr Sluchin’s playing at various points along the array. In most tape-loop performances, novice listeners can tell the difference between what is being played live and what is being reproduced electronically. But this “Ricercare” performance had a suaveness of blended tone that seemed both organic and otherworldly.

So, do you need a fancy hall with spatial-audio bells and whistles to appreciate these sounds? In an interview, Mr Noisternig said that the true nature of such pieces could not be appreciated in traditional stereo mixes. There are headphones capable of simulating 3-D audio — made more accessible by the boom in virtual reality technology — but they, too, provide only approximations of the concert hall experience.

He Slowly Fell and Transformed into the Terrain, a 2016 piece by Ms Barrett, received its American premiere on Monday night, courtesy of 49 speakers in EMPAC’s ambisonic system. It seemed like the most carefully designed entry in the program’s purely electronic portion — her whirligig 3-D designs rarely seeming to be in motion merely because the technology permits it.

Ms Barrett has posted an excerpt from a stereo mix-down to her SoundCloud account. You can listen and get an idea of her skills with dramatic build and textural variation. But as she notes on the site, about the stereo reduction (from 49 channels to two), “Mastering really tricky for this.”

During daytime studio sessions, the workshop’s participants developed their own approaches to the surround-sound systems installed in EMPAC’s studio and performance spaces. Carl Testa, a bassist and composer who works closely with the composer-saxophonist Anthony Braxton, had brought along a vast collection of Mr Braxton’s recordings. On Tuesday afternoon, he was eager to test out the live-collage capabilities of Wave Field Synthesis setup.

Near the speaker array, it sounded as if different versions of Mr Braxton were zooming through space at superhuman speed, as a grinning Mr Testa dragged and dropped the “point sources” of the virtual Braxtons with the click of a mouse. After the session, Mr Testa noted that those effects had dovetailed nicely with some of Mr Braxton’s ideas, like the immersive sound environment of his Echo Echo Mirror House system, in which musicians sample vintage Braxton recordings while also navigating new scores, creating a vertiginous blur of past and present playing.

Mr Testa’s early experiments in the EMPAC studio sounded very little like the spatialized music of Ms Barrett. But it was an arresting miasma — one that raises the question of how much new insight into spatial audio may yet come from composers who are also virtuoso improvisers.

Like the ingenious musicality of Ms Barrett’s balloon experiments, insights about spatial sound may seem intuitive after the fact. But as organizers at EMPAC seem to understand, access to raw studio time and expert instruction has to come first.

El ciclo de conciertos Primavera Electroacústica a València 2008 continuó su programación el pasado jueves en la Galería del Palau. Organizada por la Asociación de Música Electroacústica de España (AMEE), la selección de composiciones que, bajo el título genérico Obres de Llarg Hàlit, se pudieron escuchar tenían como mayor aliciente su presentación en el sistema de grabación y por tanto de difusión Surround 5.1 Dolby Digital. Este sistema proporciona sonido digital mediante seis canales independientes: tres canales frontales (izquierda/centro/derecha) que posibilita claridad y nitidez y una ubicación precisa de los sonidos, mientras que los canales envolventes gemelos (trasero izquierda/trasero derecha) rodean al público sumergiéndolo en un verdadero océano de materia sonora.

Este placer se hizo tangible durante la escucha de las tres obras seleccionadas para la ocasión. Tres importantes compositores del actual panorama internacional en este género y procedentes de diversos países. La compositora belga Annette Vande Gorne (Charleroi, 1946) mostró su vertiente más expresiva y detallista con su obra Figures d’espace (2004). Espacializada por el compositor valenciano y miembro de la directiva de la AMEE Vicent Gómez, la pieza conjuga con transparente y eficaz contrapunto los sonidos de la Naturaleza con los producidos mecánicamente en una suerte de Rondeau. De auténticas dimensiones épicas se podría catalogar la obra aportada por el histórico compositor canadiense Gilles Gobeil (Québec, 1954). Ombres, espaces, silences… (2005), inspirada en la polifonía más temprana (Ars Antiqua, Ars Nova), revisita el universo sonoro de los primeros siglos de la Era Cristiana. La resultante es una música de texturas brutales como si se tratase de grandes placas tectónicas de ricas y ancestrales sonoridades a la deriva. Finalmente, la joven compositora británica Natasha Barrett (1972) presentó su Prince Prospero’s Party (2002), basada en el relato corto de Edgar Allan Poe, The Mask of the Red Death. Se trata claramente de una música programática. Narra con gran fidelidad la acción del relato, dividiendo el discurso sonoro en siete secciones y pasando de las risas al grito más aterrador de los personajes de esta insólita composición electroacústica.

[Article Summary] The music of Natasha Barrett is both abstract and suggestive, sonic and visual. Her acousmatic compositions explore the theatrical potential of this frequently narrative-free music. Barrett’s initial exposure to the Birmingham ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre profoundly influenced her understanding of the vocabulary and intentions of acousmatic music. Her technique is playful, exploring the potential of sounds as isolated and valuable sonic elements, and equally as extremely suggestive tools for guiding the narrative of a piece. Her process is disciplined, frequently training herself in new tools and technologies, and not adopting any method or technique until her research has exhausted all possibilities. Barrett’s experiments in combining electroacoustic music with theatre have led to a focus on the spatialization of sound as an extremely effective narrative and dramatic tool.

Dans son studio de la Petite Patrie, le compositeur Robert Normandeau remet les pendules à l’heure de Réseaux, l’organisme qu’il a fondé en 1991 avec ses collègues Gilles Gobeil et Jean-François Denis et qui présente dès aujourd’hui quatre soirées consécutives de nouvelle musique électroacoustique: l’Anglaise Natasha Barrett, le Portugais Miguel Azguime, le Canadien Laurie Radford et le Québécois Gilles Gobeil.

Cet organisme, qu’on a déjà qualifié de pur et dur, a abandonné son volet acousmatique comme mode dominant, c’est-à-dire la musique élecroacoustique présentée sans intervention humaine en temps réel — sauf quelques spatialisations du compositeur à la console. Désormais, la plus savante des formes de musiques électroniques s’accompagne régulièrement d’instruments joués sur scène et même parfois de compléments multimédias.

Robert Normandeau ne parle pas d’abandon de l’austérité… il préfère évoquer la mutation de la lutherie pour justifier ce passage progressif de l’acousmatique aux musiques mixtes: «Maintenant, on peut se permettre à faibles coûts ce qui n’était pas possible jusqu’à une période relativement récente — plus ou moins cinq ans. Auparavant, cela nécessitait un dispositif extrêmement lourd et très cher. Or, les ordinateurs personnels sont maintenant assez puissants pour admettre les logiciels permettant cette cohabitation avec les instrumentistes. Cela a forcément changé la façon dont on crée l’électroacoustique.»

D’où l’événement Akousma, marqué par un retour en force du compositeur électroacoustique avec l’instrumentiste qui complète en temps réel sa proposition numérisée.

Question de génération, ajoute Normandeau, qui observe le phénomène en tant que professeur à la faculté de musique de l’Université de Montréal: «On voit apparaître de jeunes créateurs qui baignent depuis l’enfance dans l’informatique. Ce langage leur est parfaitement naturel. Et leurs collègues instrumentistes, issus de la même génération, se montrent parfaitement ouverts à la transmission orale de leurs consignes. Ainsi les œuvres revêtent un caractère unique, c’est-à-dire qu’elles ne sont pas jouées par d’autres instrumentistes que ceux en relation directe avec le compositeur.»

D’envergure internationale, Akousma se veut un «mélange de compositeurs» connus et moins connus de la petite constellation Réseaux — la seule société de diffusion qui présente uniquement les musiques électroacoustiques de concert, doit-on rappeler. Ainsi, œuvres acousmatiques (diffusées sur plus de 20 haut-parleurs par les compositeurs), mixtes (pour instruments et bande), et vidéomusiques (performance multi-technologique) en constitueront le menu.

Bien qu’on y présentera d’autres œuvres, notamment les gagnantes du prix Hugh-Le Caine (du Concours des jeunes compositeurs de la Fondation SOCAN 2007), chacune des soirées sera dédiée à un créateur: les compositions de l’Anglaise Natasha Barrett (établie en Norvège) seront présentées aujourd’hui, le Portugais Miguel Azguime sera sur place demain, le Canadien Laurie Radford (transplanté en Angleterre) et le Montréalais Gilles Gobeil seront respectivement à la barre vendredi et samedi.

Des exemples de ce qu’ils feront? Miguel Azguime combinera électroacoustique, poésie et percussion en temps réel dans le cadre d’une intervention multimédia. Une partie du travail de Laurie Radford, par ailleurs, impliquera le quatuor à cordes Bozzini. D’autres œuvres incluront des instruments en temps réel. Gilles Gobeil, pour sa part, présentera trois œuvres créées en Allemagne, soit au centre d’art médiatique ZKM.

«De l’électro comme jamais vue», dit le slogan promotionnel.